National Science Day: Emphasizing Practical Learning for India’s Engineers

Every year, India adds approximately 1.5 million engineering graduates to its workforce. However, the industries that employ this talent are increasingly specialized and automated. Recent assessments reveal that only about half of these graduates meet industry standards at entry-level positions, and the figure dwindles in advanced design and deep-technology roles where applied problem-solving is crucial.

The core issue lies not in access to engineering education, but in the effectiveness of that education in translating into operational skills. Many engineering programs emphasize theoretical knowledge over practical experimentation. Students excel in solving numerical problems and preparing for exams but often lack hands-on experience.

This phenomenon is not a failure on the part of students; rather, it reflects the incentives of the education system. When assessments reward rote memorization, students naturally gravitate towards that approach.

The disconnect between academia and industry is growing. While industries demand quick adaptability and problem-solving skills, academic structures often lag due to bureaucratic processes. Recruiters are increasingly aware of this gap. Candidates may articulate theoretical models well but struggle when faced with real-world problems.

The crux of the issue is not the students' capability but the training methodologies employed. Historical figures like C. V. Raman exemplified the importance of observation and experimentation in scientific inquiry. Engineering education must embrace this philosophy to prepare graduates for complex challenges.

Outcome-Based Education frameworks are shifting the focus towards measurable program outcomes rather than mere syllabus completion. Institutions are increasingly adopting industry-academia collaborations with live technical challenges, initiating capstone projects earlier in the curriculum, and encouraging iterative design processes.

By fostering an environment where students engage in building circuits or prototypes, institutions prepare them for the inevitable failures and challenges of real-world applications. Early exposure to iteration and problem-solving equips students with the skills to navigate trade-offs between speed, performance, and cost.

Ultimately, India's future in areas like advanced manufacturing and clean energy will depend on the ability of its graduates to thrive in complexity, not just their numbers. The focus must shift to cultivating operational skills that align with evolving technological demands.

(This article is written by Dr. Kirti Avishek, Associate Dean Infrastructure and Planning, BIT Mesra)